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If Clauses 0.1.2.3

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
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0 Conditional / Zero Conditional

Used to express general truths and facts (often things based on scientific fact). Sıfır Conditional cümleleri bilimsel gerçekler , değişmeyen doğrularla ilgili cümlelerde kullanılır.

Uses the simple present tense:-

Eğer suyu 100 derece ısıtırsan , kaynar. Bu her zaman olan sabit bir doğrudur. O yüzden o Conditional kullanılır.

For example:

Note! Most zero conditional sentences mean the same thing if "when" is used instead of "if".

If Clause Type 1 (1. Tip Şart Cümleleri)

True in Present or Future

İçinde bulunduğumuz anda ya da gelecekte, belli bir koşulla yerine gelebilecek olayları anlatmak için kullanırız.

  Şart cümlelerinde iki kısım vardır: Birinci kısım “if-clause” (şart cümleciği), ikinci kısım “main clause” (ana cümle)dir. 1. Tip şart cümleleri, şimdi veya gelecekte ne olacağını göstermek için kullanılır. Yapı şu şekildedir: Şart cümleciği geniş zaman olurken, ana cümle geniş zaman, gelecek zaman ya da yardımcı fiil (can, could, should, must, have to, may, might, will, vb.) kullanılmış bir cümle olabilir. Şart cümleciği ana cümleden önce veya sonra gelebilir. Eğer şart cümleciği cümle başında kullanılmışsa, cümlecik bitiminde mutlaka virgül kullanılmalıdır.

If Clause (If’li Cümle)            Main Clause (Temel Cümle)

If he doesn’t hurry,     he will be late

v      If we go by train, it will be cheaper.

v      If he doesn’t hurry, he will be late.

v      If the weather is rainy, we will stay at home.

v      Who will you invite if you give a party?

v      You should press the alarm button if  there is a fire.

v      You can go out if you don’t have to study.

Temel Cümle (Main Clause) ile Kullanılan Yapılar

 Will

v      If he's late again, I'll be very angry 

v      If he is accepted, he will be studying in Atlanta next year. 

v      If they begin now, they will have finished their term paper next  month 

Can/ May(izin)

v      She can / may leave early if she’s finished her work?

May, might, could (Olasılık)

v      If the president doesn’t come to the meeting, we may/ could/ might cancel it 

v      I might come and visit you in America next year, if I save enough money 

must, have to (Zorunluluk)

v      You must / have to study hard if you want to pass the exam. 

v      If you are late, you must take a taxi. 

Should, had better, ought to (Tavsiye)

v      If you're annoyed with him, you should / ought to / had better tell him 

v      You should change subway at Kızılay if you're going to Aşti 

Imperative Emir Cümlesi

v      If the TV doesn’t work, push this botton

v      If you haven’t decided on a vacation yet, go to Kuşadası. 

v      Please exchange these shoes if you are going to the mall.

If’li Cümlede (If Clause) Kullanılan Yapılar

 Simple present (Geniş Zaman)

 v      If he doesn’t hurry, he will be late.

 Present Perfect (have+Verb3)

 v      If you haven’t decided on a vacation yet, go to Kuşadası.

v      She can leave early if she’s finished her work?

Can   (Yetenek)

 v      If I can save enough money, I might come and visit you in America next year. 

 v      If you can speak English, you will find jobs easily. 

 Should (Olasılık)

Olasılığın az olduğu durumlarda kullanılır.

v      If anyone should ask for me, I'll be in the manager's office

 v      If you should ever need anything, please don't hesitate to callt me 

 Present Continuous Tense (Şimdiki Zaman)

 v      If you are seeing the doctor at 10:00, you’ll need to leave now. 

v      If she is studying in her room now, I will be very happy. 

 v      If the system is working with any problem, you may leave 

If Clauses Type II  (Unreal Past Condition)

(Gerçekleşmesi Mümkün Olmamış Koşullar)

  Bu tip şart cümlelerinde “if” ’li cümlecik Geçmiş Zaman halinde, ana cümledeki fiil Geçmiş Şart Yapısında, yani “would” ile kullanılmış durumdadır. Bu yapı gerçek olmayan, mümkün olmayan veya muhtemel olmayan durumlardan bahsederken kullanılır. “Yüz milyon dolarım olsaydı...(ki yok).” türündeki şart cümleleri gerçekleşmesi mümkün görülmeyen, sadece olması bir an için hayal edilen bir durumu gösterirler. Bu tipte fiil Geçmiş Zaman olduğu halde geçmişle ilgili değildir. Şimdiki durumu belirtir. “To be” eylemi, “second conditional” formunda kullanıldığında, '’were” olarak kullanılır. Bundan başka “unreal conditional” birkaç durumda kullanılır.

v       I am ill now, so I won’t come with you. (Şu anki bir gerçek) 

         If I weren’t ill, I would come with you . ( Zaman PAST olmasına rağmen anlam PRESENT dır.)

 v       They live in İzmir so we can’t see each other very often (Şu anki bir gerçek) 

         If they didn’t live in İzmir, we could see each other very often ( Zaman PAST olmasına rağmen anlam PRESENT dır.)

 v       She can’t buy that car, because she doesn’t have enough money. (Şu anki bir gerçek) 

                   She could buy the car if she had enough money. ( Zaman PAST olmasına rağmen anlam PRESENT dır.)

 v       If I lived near my office I’d be in time  for work.

 v       If I dyed my hair blue everyone would laugh at me.

 v       If I had a map I would lend it to you.

 v       If he studied more, he would pass the exam

 v       I would lower taxes if I were the President

 v       If I were a carpenter, I would build my own house.

 v       If I were you, I wouldn't drive so fast

Temel Cümlede Kullanılan Yapılar

Would

 v       They would buy a new house if they had more money

Could

 v       If  I were  younger than you, I could faster 

Might

 v       If the prices weren’t very high, we might buy a car. 

If’li  Cümlede Kullanılan Yapılar

 Simple past

v       If I lived near my office I’d be in time  for work.

v       If I were you, I wouldn’t go there . (Was da kullanılabilir amam were daha yaygındır.)

Past Continuous

 v       If he weren’t working now, he could come to our party. (but he is working now)

 v       If the baby weren’t sleeping, I would go out.  (but he is sleeping)

Could Had to

 v       If she could use computer, they would accept her for the job (but she can’t use computer)

 v       If they had to get up early, they would go to bed early. (but they don’t have to get up early) 

Should (olasılık)

 v       If there should be draught, we would have many problems. 

 Geçmişte olmuş olayların tersini düşünüp bir koşul ileri sürmek ve bu koşulun sonucunu ifade etmek için kullanılır.

v       I didn’t study for the test, so I failed it. (Olay geçmişte olmuştur.Olayın tersini  şu an konuşmaktayız)

         If I had studied for the test, I wouldn’t have failed it 

 v       She was late for school, because she didn’t go to bed early. (Olay geçmişte olmuştur.Olayın tersini  şu an konuşmaktayız)

         She wouldn’t have been late for school if she had gone to bed early. 

 v       My parents didn’t let me go out so I couldn’t go to cinema with you. (Olay geçmişte olmuştur.Olayın tersini  şu an konuşmaktayız)

         If my parents had let me go out , I could have gone  to cinema with you. 

 v       If I had known that you were coming I would have met you at the airport.

 v       If we had had another referee, we would have won the match

Kullanılabilecek Yapılar:

 v       If I had had time, I might have gone with you.

 v       If you had told me, I could have helped you.

 v       If the teacher had helped me, I wouldn’t have had to go the library.

 v       If they had informed me before, they wouldn’t have still been waiting there.

 v       If I hadn’t had to get up early this morning, I would have slept more.

 v       If she had been listening to me, she wouldn’t have had any problems in the exam.