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4 yıl önce

Future Tense (Will - Going to)

Gelecek zamanı ifade etmek için Türkçede –ecek / –acak ekleri kullanılmaktadır. Örneğin;


Ahmet yarın sınava girecek
Füsun okula gidecek
Hava bulutlu.Yağmur yağacak.


Bu tür ifadeler ingilizce söyleyebilmek için will ve be going to kullanılmaktadır.

Gelecek zaman yapısında ifadelerin cümle yapısı şöyledir:


özne + will + fiil

I will watch television -> Televizyon seyredeceğim
Dilara will call me -> Dilara beni arayacak
They will come -> Gelecekler

özne + be + going to + fiil

I am going to take an exam tomorrow -> Yarın bir sınava gireceğim
Nalan is going to have a baby soon -> Yakında nalanın bebeği olacak
They are going to buy a new house -> Onlar yeni bir ev alacak


Gelecek zamanla ilgili soru sormak için cümle yapısı aşağıdaki şekildedir:


Will + özne + fiil

Will you watch television? -> Televizyon seyredecek misin?
Will they come tomorrow? -> Yarın gelecekler mi?

Be + özne + going to + fiil

Are you going to sleep? -> Uyuyacak mısın?
Is he going to sleep? -> Uyuyacak mı?



Gelecek zamana yönelik olumsuz ifade yapısı da şöyledir:


Özne + will + not + fiil

I will not watch television -> Televizyon seyretmeyeceğim.
They will not come -> Onlar gelmeyecek.
Probably, Ahmet will not come here -> Muhtemelen Ahmet buraya gelmeyecek.

Özne + be + not + going to +fiil

I am not going to sleep -> Uyumayacağım.
He is not going to sleep -> O uyumayacak.



Will ve be going to arasındaki fark nedir?

be going to, konuşma anından önce "niyet, plan, düzenleme, belirti " vb durumu olduğunda kullanılır.
will ise konusma anında oluşan ileriye yönelik durumu / eylemi ifade eder. Karşılaştırınız:

Ahmet: My novel was published last week.
Ayşe: I know. I am going to buy it tomorrow.

Ahmet: My novel was published last week.
Ayşe: Really! I didn't know. I will buy it tomorrow.


THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
a. Use:

The Simple Future tense is used to express actions which will take place in the future;
--> They will finish the work tomorrow.
--> He will arrive next Saturday.

Will is used to talk about a future fact:
--> The Mayor will open the new musem next Tuesday.

Will can be used to make a prediction;
--> I think it will be hot and sunny tomorrow.

Will is also used to express an intention or decision made at the moment of speaking:
--> It's very hot in here. I'll open the window.


b. Formation:
The Simple Future of any verb is formed from the auxiliary will or shall, followed by the bare infinitive of the verb.

In informal English, particularly in American English, the Simple Future is usually conjugated entirely with the auxiliary will. The auxiliary will is a modal auxiliary. Modal auxiliaries do not modify, but have the same form, regardless of the subject.

The auxiliary will is often contracted to 'll. Thus, in informal English, the Simple Future of the verb to work is usually conjugated as follows:

Without Contractions With Contractions
  I will work   I'll work
  you will work   you'll work
  he will work   he'll work
  she will work   she'll work
  it will work   it'll work
  we will work   we'll work
  they will work   they'll work

Verbs used with the subjects I and we are generally referred to as being in the first person; verbs used with the subject you are generally referred to as being in the second person; and verbs used with the subjects he, she, it and they are generally referred to as being in the third person.

For formal English, there is a rule which states that in the Simple Future, the auxiliary shall should be used in the first person, and the auxiliary will should be used in the second person and third person. Like the auxiliary will, the auxiliary shall is a modal auxiliary.

Thus, in formal English, the Simple Future of the verb to work may be conjugated as follows:

  I shall work
  you will work
  he will work
  she will work
  it will work
  we shall work
  they will work

Even in informal English, the auxiliary shall is usually used in the first person for questions in which a request for permission is implied.
e.g. Shall I call the office?
      Shall we go to the library?

However, the use of will for the first person of the Simple Future is beginning to be considered acceptable in formal English. Thus, except for questions where a request for permission is implied, either will or shall may be used for the first person of the Simple Future. In this chapter, the alternative use of the auxiliary shall in the first person will be indicated by the word shall in brackets.

The rules for the use of will and shall which apply to the Simple Future tense, also apply to the other future tenses.

c. Questions and negative statements
As is the case with other English tenses, questions and negative statements in the Simple Future are formed using the auxiliary.

Questions are formed by placing the auxiliary before the subject. For example:

Affirmative Statement Question
  It will work.   Will it work?
  They will work.   Will they work?

Negative statements are formed by placing the word not after the auxiliary. For example:

Affirmative Statement Negative Statement
  It will work.   It will not work.
  They will work.   They will not work.

In spoken English, the following contraction is often used:

Without Contraction With Contraction
  will not   won't

The contracted form of will not is unusual, since it is not only the o of not which is omitted. In addition, the ll of will is omitted, and the i of will is changed to o. The contracted form, won't, is pronounced to rhyme with don't.

In addition, shall not is sometimes contracted to shan't. However, the word shan't is rarely used in modern American English.

Negative questions are formed by placing the auxiliary before the subject, and the word not after the subject. However, when contractions are used, the contracted form of not immediately follows the auxiliary. The following are examples of negative questions with and without contractions:

Without Contractions With Contractions
  Will it not work?   Won't it work?
  Will they not work?   Won't they work?


Going to:

Going to is used to talk about a future intention when a decision has already been made:
--> They're going to meet us in the pub after the film.

Going to is used to talk about future predictions when there is evidence that something is going to happen:
--> Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
 
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE  (Gelecek zaman)

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

QUESTION

 I will  write  I will not  write will  I  write
 you will  write  you will not  write will  you  write
 we will  write  we will not  write will  we  write
 they will  write  they will not  write will  they  write
 he will  write  he will not  write will  he  write
 she will  write  she will not  write will  she  write
 it will  write  it will not  write will  it  write

 

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

QUESTION

 I am going to  write  I am not going to  write am  I going to  write
 you are going to  write  you are not going to  write are  you going to  write
 we are going to  write  we are not going to  write are  we going to  write
 they are going to  write  they are not going to  write are  they going to  write
 he is going to  write  he is not going to  write is  he going to  write
 she is going to  write  she is not going to  write is  she going to  write
 it is going to  write  it is not going to  write is  it going to  write
 

Konuşma anında geleceğe dönük bir eylemi ifade etmek için will kullanılır. Going to ise önceden yapılan planlar ve niyetler için kullanılır.

Örn: biri paltosunu giydi dışarıya çıkıyor. onu gören kişi will ile soru sorar, çıkan kişinin diyelim ki o saatte biriyle buluşması gerekiyor  ( önceden planlamış ) going to ile cevap verir.

1. He will finished his work tomorrow.

2. He is going to finish his work tomorrow

Will veya be going to , gelecek zamanı vurgulamak için kullanılır.


THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

A. USE

1. The Simple Future tense is used to express actions which will take place in the future.
Gelcek zaman bu tense ile ifade edilir.

I will go to school tomorrow.

2. The Simple Future is used to express an intention or decision made at the moment of speaking.
Konuşma anında yapılmasına karar verilen eylemleri ifade etmek için kullanılır.

It's very hot in here. I'll open the window. 
I have a headache. I'll take an aspirine.

3. The Simple Future can be used to make a prediction.
Beklentileri ifade ederken ve tahminde bulunurken Simple Future kullanılır.

I think it will be cool and rainy tomorrow.
I believe they will turn back in the evening.

B. STRUCTURE

Positive Structure:

I
You
He
She will work.
It
We
They

Negative Structure:

I
You
He
She will not work.
It won't
We
They

Question structure:

I
You
Will He
Won't She work?
It
We
They
THE FUTURE "BE GOING TO"

A. USE

1. The Future Going to is used to talk about a future intention when a decision has already been made and also used to talk about future predictions when there is evidence that something is going to happen.

Be Going To'nun "going" ile hiç bir alakası yoktur ve her zaman "be" ile kullanılır. Yapılması önceden planlanmış eylemleri "Be Going To" ile ifade edebiliriz. Ayrıca gelecekte olması kesin bir durumu ifade ederken yine "Be Going To" kullanılır. Ancak, gelecekle ilgili bir durumu tahmin ediyorsak veya tahminde bulunuyorsak, Will veya Be Going To her ikisi de kullanılabilir.

I feel terrible. I think I'm going to faint.
They're going to meet us in the cafe after the lesson

Look at those clouds! It's going to rain.
According to the weather report, it will / is going to be rainy tomorrow.

We are going to meet each other tonight at 6:00 PM. (Plan)
He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. (Plan)

The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year. (Prediction)
A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. (An example for passives)


 
EXPRESSING THE FUTURE

WILL (The Future Tense)

1) "Will" can be used when the speaker is making a prediction.
"Will" konuşmacı o an için kestirimde (tahminde) bulunuyorsa kullanılabilir.

Tomorrow WILL BE hot and sunny.

People WILL GO to Mars in the next decade.

2) Or "Will" can also be used when the speaker decides to do something at the time of speaking. He had no previous plan. Spontaneous.
Veya konuşmacı o an için gelecekle ilgili ani bir karar alıyorsa, "Will" kullanabilir.

Hold on. I’LL GET a pencil.

We WILL SEE what we can do to help you.

Maybe we’LL STAY IN and WATCH television.

BE GONG TO

1) "Be Going To" can be used while the speaker is making a prediction based on evidence.
"Be Going To" konuşmacı, belirtilere dayanarak gelecekle ilgili tahminde bulunuyorsa kullanılabilir.

There’s a cloud in the sky. It’S GOING TO rain.

2) "Be Going To" can also be used when the speaker already has an intention or plan.
"Be Going To" yapısı konuşmacı bir plana veya niyete sahipse kullanılabilir.

We’RE GOING TO paint our livingroom tomorrow.

John has won the lottery. He says he’S GOING TO go to buy a house in Cambridge.

He has passed KPSS, so he is happy he'S GOING TO be a teacher of English.

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Some verbs that concern events on a definite schedule or timetable are generally used in the Simple Present Tense, but they may give expression of future. These sentences in Present Simple usually contain future words such as to be, open, close, begin, start, end, finish, arrive, come, leave, return.
İngilizce'de bazı fiiller yapı olarak geniş zamanda kullanıldığı halde anlam olarak gelecek zamanı ifade etmektedir. "To be, open, close, begin, start, end, finish, arrive, come, leave, return" gibi fiiler buna örnek verilebilir.

The bus LEAVES Malatya at 11 tonight.

This term BEGINS on Wednesday next week.

Tomorrow IS

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